China has become one of Africa’s most significant external partners. Chinese companies now account for roughly eight per cent of Africa’s total mining output, and their mine ownership on the continent has expanded by 21 per cent since 2019. In 2024 alone, Chinese firms made major acquisitions in copper (Botswana and Zambia), cobalt (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and lithium (Zimbabwe and Mali). China’s strategy also hinges on controlling logistics: Chinese firms are involved in 62 African port projects, including 33 in West Africa, 17 in East Africa, nine in North Africa and three in Southern Africa. Flagship initiatives include upgrading the 1,860 km Tanzania‑Zambia railway and operating new container terminals at Egypt’s El Dekheila Port and Nigeria’s Lekki Deep Sea Port.

While Chinese investment provides much‑needed infrastructure and finance, it is important for African countries and investors to engage on balanced terms. Diversifying partners, ensuring transparency and aligning projects with national development priorities will be crucial. Africa Strategy monitors geopolitical dynamics and helps clients weigh opportunities against risks when partnering with Chinese entities, ensuring that projects support long‑term economic resilience and African agency.